在关键帧动画中，模型在每个关键帧中都是一个固定的姿势，相当于一个“快照”，通过在不同的关键帧中进行插值平滑计算，可以得到一个较为流畅的动画表现。关键帧动画的一个优势是只需要做插值计算，相对于其他的动画计算量很小，但是劣势也比较明显，基于固定的“快照”进行插值计算，表现大大被限制，同时插值如果不够平滑容易出现尖刺等现象。

class Bone
{
   Bone* m_pFirstChild;  
   Bone* m_pSibling;
   float m_x, m_y, m_z; // pos in parents' space
   float m_wx, m_wy, m_wz; // pos in world space
  //
  public:
  Bone(float x, float y, float z): m_pSibling(NULL),m_pFirstChild(NULL),m_pFather(NULL),m_x(x), m_y(y), m_z(z){}

  //
  void SetFirstChild(Bone* pChild)
  {
      m_pFirstChild = pChild;
      m_pFirstChild->m_pFather = this;
  }
  //
   void SetSibling(Bone* pSibling)
   {
      m_pSibling = pSibling;
      m_pSibling->m_pFather = m_pFather;
    }
}

class Bone
{
    void ComputeWorldPos(float fatherX, float fatherY, float fatherZ)
    {
         m_wx = fatherX + m_x;
         m_wy = fatherY + m_y;
         m_wz = fatherZ + m_z;
        //兄弟节点用父节点传递的参数
        if(m_pSibling ！=NULL)
             m_pSibling ->ComputeWorldPos(fatherX, fatherY, fatherZ)
        if(m_pFirstChild!=NULL)
             m_pFirstChild ->ComputeWorldPos(m_wx, m_wy, m_wz)
    }
}

#define MAX_BONE_VERTEX 4
class Vertex
{
     float m_x, m_y, m_z; // local pos in mesh space
     float m_wx, m_wy, m_wz; // pos in world space
     //skin info
     int m_boneNum;
     Bone* m_bones[MAX_BONE_VERTEX];
     float m_boneWeights[MAX_BONE_VERTEX];
}

class BoneOffset
{
 public:
    float m_offx, m_offy, m_offz; //暂时只考虑平移
}

class Bone
{
   public :
       BoneOffset* m_boneOffset;
      //
      void ComputeBoneOffset()
      {
           m_boneOffset.m_offx -= m_wx;
           m_boneOffset.m_offy -= m_wy;
           m_boneOffset.m_offz -= m_wz;

            if(m_pSibling != NULL)
               m_pSibling->ComputeBoneOffset();
            if(m_pFirstChild !=NULL)
               m_pFirstChild->ComputeBoneOffset();
      }
}      

//顶点类的计算
class Vertex
{
 public:
     void ComputeWorldPosByBone(Bone* pBone, float &outX, float& outy, float& outz)
    {
   //从mesh空间转换到bone空间
       outx = m_x + pBone->m_boneOffset.m_offx;
       outy = m_y + pBone->m_boneOffset.m_offy;
       outz = m_z + pBone->m_boneOffset.m_offz;
 //从bone空间转换到世界空间
       outx += pBone->m_wx;
       outy += pBone->m_wy;
       outz += pBone->m_wz;
    }
    //GPU中计算顶点的位置
    void BlendVertex()
     ｛
       float m_wx = 0;
       float m_wy = 0;
       float m_wz = 0;
    
      for(int i=0; i < m_boneNum; i++)
       {
           float tx, ty,tz;           
           ComputeWorldPosByBone(m_bones[i], tx, ty,tz);

            tx *= m_boneWeights[i];
            ty *= m_boneWeights[i];
            tz *= m_boneWeights[i];
  
            m_wx += tx;
            m_wy += ty;
            m_wz += tz;
        }
     ｝
}  

uniform float4x4 _Matrices[24]; //设置的骨骼数量*大为24

struct appdata
{
    float4 vertex:POSITION;
    float2 uv:TEXCOORD0;
   //存储的就是骨骼的变换矩阵，x/y为第一个骨骼的索引和权重，z/w为第二个的索引和权重
    float4 tangent:TANGENT;
}；

v2f vert(appdata v)
{
    v2f o;
    //蒙皮计算位置,注意看，其实就是矩阵变化加权重的表示
    float4 pos = 
    mul(_Matrices[v.tangent.x], v.vertex)* v.tangent.y +
    mul(_Matrices[v.tangent.z], v.vertex)* v.tangent.w
    //通用的mvp计算
    o.vertex = mul(UNITY_MATRIX_MVP, pos);
    o.uv  = TRANSFORM_TEX(v.uv, _MainTex);
    return o;
}

//怎么计算index和权重,此处一个蒙皮顶点受到2根骨骼的影响
Vector4[] tangents = new Vector4[mesh.vertexCount];
for(int i=0; i < mesh.vertexCount;++i)
{
   BoneWeight boneWeight = mesh.boneWeights[i];
   tangents[i].x = boneWeight.boneIndex0;
   tangents[i].y = boneWeight.weight0;
   tangents[i].z = boneWeight.boneIndex1;
   tangents[i].w = boneWeight.weight1;
}

newMesh.tangents = tangents;

inline float4 indexToUV(int index)
{
    int row = (int) (index /_MatricesTexSize.x);
    int col   = (index - row * _MatricesTexsize.x; 
    return float4(col/_MatricesTexSize.x, row/_MatricesTexSize.y, 0 , 0);
}
//算出当前的变换矩阵
inline float4x4 getMatrix(int frameStartIndex, float boneIndex)
{
     int matStartIndex = frameStartIndex + boneIndex*3;
     float4 row0 = tex2Dlod(_MatricesTex, indexToUV(matStartIndx));
     float4 row1 = tex2Dlod(_MatricesTex, indexToUV(matStartIndx + 1));
     float4 row2 = tex2Dlod(_MatricesTex, indexToUV(matStartIndx + 2));
      float4 row3 = float4(0,0,0,0);
      float4x4 mat = float4x4(row0, row1, row2, row3);
      return mat;
}

v2f vert(appdata v)
{
     v2f o;
      float time = _Time.y;
     //算出当前时间对应的index
     int framIndex = (int)(((_Time.y + v.uv2.x)*_AnimFPS)%(_AnimLength * _AnimFPS));
     int frameStartIndex = frameIndex * _MatricesTexFrameTexls;
     //去除对应的变换矩阵
     float4 mat0 = getMatrix(frameStartIndex, v.tangent.x);
     float4 mat1 = getMatrix(frameStartIndex, v.tangent.z);
   
     float4 pos =
        mul(mat0, v.vertex) * v.tangent,y + 
        mul(mat1, v.vertex) * v.tangent.w;
 
    o.vertex = mul(UNITY_MATRIX_MVP, pos);
    o.uv = TRANSFOR_TEX(v.uv, _MainTex);
    return o;
}

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